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Compare Tromelin Island (2003) - Ecuador (2001)

Compare Tromelin Island (2003) z Ecuador (2001)

 Tromelin Island (2003)Ecuador (2001)
 Tromelin IslandEcuador
Administrative divisions - 22 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Pichincha, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe
Age structure - 0-14 years:
35.8% (male 2,398,801; female 2,320,537)

15-64 years:
59.81% (male 3,900,193; female 3,984,797)

65 years and over:
4.39% (male 269,372; female 310,278) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca), plantains, sugarcane; cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork, dairy products; balsa wood; fish, shrimp
Airports 1 (2002) 180 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
59

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
5

1,524 to 2,437 m:
18

914 to 1,523 m:
15

under 914 m:
19 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)		 total:
121

914 to 1,523 m:
32

under 914 m:
89 (2000 est.)
Area total: 1 sq km


land: 1 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total:
283,560 sq km

land:
276,840 sq km

water:
6,720 sq km

note:
includes Galapagos Islands
Area - comparative about 1.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC slightly smaller than Nevada
Background First explored by the French in 1776, the island came under the jurisdiction of Reunion in 1814. At present, it serves as a sea turtle sanctuary and is the site of an important meteorological station. The "Republic of the Equator" was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Colombia and Venezuela). Between 1904 and 1942, Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts with its neighbors. A border war with Peru that flared in 1995 was resolved in 1999.
Birth rate - 25.99 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
planned $5.1 billion (not including revenue from potential privatizations)

expenditures:
$5.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999)
Capital - Quito
Climate tropical tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands
Coastline 3.7 km 2,237 km
Constitution - 10 August 1998
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Tromelin Island


local long form: none


local short form: Ile Tromelin		 conventional long form:
Republic of Ecuador

conventional short form:
Ecuador

local long form:
Republica del Ecuador

local short form:
Ecuador
Currency - US dollar (USD)
Death rate - 5.44 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $15 billion (1999)
Dependency status possession of France; administered by a high commissioner of the Republic, resident in Reunion -
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission:
Ambassador Gwen C. CLARE

embassy:
Avenida 12 de Octubre y Avenida Patria, Quito

mailing address:
APO AA 34039

telephone:
[593] (2) 562-890

FAX:
[593] (2) 502-052

consulate(s) general:
Guayaquil
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission:
Ambassador Ivonne A-BAKI

chancery:
2535 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone:
[1] (202) 234-7200

FAX:
[1] (202) 667-3482

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Newark, Philadelphia, and San Francisco
Disputes - international claimed by Mauritius none
Economic aid - recipient - $695.7 million (1995)
Economy - overview no economic activity Ecuador has substantial oil resources and rich agricultural areas. Because the country exports primary products such as oil, bananas, and shrimp, fluctuations in world market prices can have a substantial domestic impact. Ecuador joined the World Trade Organization in 1996, but has failed to comply with many of its accession commitments. In recent years, growth has been uneven due to ill-conceived fiscal stabilization measures. The aftermath of El Nino and depressed oil market of 1997-98 drove Ecuador's economy into a free-fall in 1999. The beginning of 1999 saw the banking sector collapse, which helped precipitate an unprecedented default on external loans later that year. Continued economic instability drove a 70% depreciation of the currency throughout 1999, which eventually forced a desperate government to "dollarize" the currency regime in 2000. The move stabilized the currency, but did not stave off the ouster of the government. The new president, Gustavo NOBOA has yet to complete negotiations for a long sought IMF accord. He will find it difficult to push through the reforms necessary to make "dollarization" work in the long run.
Electricity - consumption - 9.386 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 25 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 10.065 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
29.51%

hydro:
70.49%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 7 m		 lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Chimborazo 6,267 m
Environment - current issues NA deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups - mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 65%, Amerindian 25%, Spanish and others 7%, black 3%
Exchange rates - sucres per US dollar - 25,000 (January 2001), 24,988.4 (2000), 11,786.8 (1999), 5,446.6 (1998), 3,988.3 (1997), 3,189.5 (1996)

note:
on 7 January 2000, the government passed a decree "dollarizing" the economy; on 13 March 2000, the National Congress approved a new exchange system whereby the US dollar is adopted as the main legal tender in Ecuador for all purposes; on 20 March 2000, the Central Bank of Ecuador started to exchange sucres for US dollars at a fixed rate of 25,000 sucres per US dollar; since 30 April 2000, all transactions are denominated in US dollars
Executive branch - chief of state:
President Gustavo NOBOA Bejarano (since 22 January 2000) selected president following coup that deposed President MAHUAD; Vice President Pedro PINTO Rubianes (since 28 January 2000) elected by National Congress from a slate of candidates submitted by President NABOA; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Gustavo NOBOA Bejarano (since 22 January 2000) selected president following coup that deposed President MAHUAD; Vice President Pedro PINTO Rubianes (since 28 January 2000) elected by National Congress from a slate of candidates submitted by President NABOA; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year term (no reelection); election last held 31 May 1998; runoff election held 12 July 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
results of the last election prior to the coup were: Jamil MAHUAD elected president; percent of vote - 51%

note:
a military-indigenous coup toppled democratically elected President Jamil MAHAUD on 21 January 2000; the military quickly handed power over to Vice President Gustavo NOBOA on 22 January; National Congress then elected a new vice president from a slate of candidates submitted by NOBOA; the new administration is scheduled to complete the remainder of MAHAUD's term, due to expire in January 2003
Exports - $5.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities - petroleum, bananas, shrimp, coffee, cocoa, cut flowers, fish
Exports - partners - US 37%, Colombia 5%, Italy 5%, Chile 5%, Peru 4% (1999)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description the flag of France is used three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double width), blue, and red with the coat of arms superimposed at the center of the flag; similar to the flag of Colombia which is shorter and does not bear a coat of arms
GDP - purchasing power parity - $37.2 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
14%

industry:
36%

services:
50% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $2,900 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 0.8% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 15 52 S, 54 25 E 2 00 S, 77 30 W
Geography - note climatologically important location for forecasting cyclones; wildlife sanctuary (seabirds, tortoises) Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world
Heliports - 1 (2000 est.)
Highways - total:
43,197 km

paved:
8,165 km

unpaved:
35,032 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
2.2%

highest 10%:
33.8% (1995)
Illicit drugs - significant transit country for cocaine and derivatives of coca originating in Colombia and Peru; importer of precursor chemicals used in production of illicit narcotics; important money-laundering hub; increased activity on the northern frontier by trafficking groups and Colombian insurgents
Imports - $3.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities - machinery and equipment, raw materials, fuels; consumer goods
Imports - partners - US 30%, Colombia 13%, Venezuela 6%, Japan 5%, Venezuela 6%, Mexico 3% (1998)
Independence - 24 May 1822 (from Spain)
Industrial production growth rate - 2.4% (1997 est.)
Industries - petroleum, food processing, textiles, metal work, paper products, wood products, chemicals, plastics, fishing, lumber
Infant mortality rate - 34.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 96% (2000 est.)
International organization participation - CAN, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 13 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) 5,560 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch - Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (new justices are elected by the full Supreme Court)
Labor force - 4.2 million
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 30%, industry 25%, services 45% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
2,010 km

border countries:
Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (grasses; scattered bushes) (1998 est.)		 arable land:
6%

permanent crops:
5%

permanent pastures:
18%

forests and woodland:
56%

other:
15% (1993 est.)
Languages - Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua)
Legal system the laws of France, where applicable, apply based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (121 seats; 79 members are popularly elected at-large nationally to serve four-year terms; 42 members are popularly elected by province - two per province - for four-year terms)

elections:
last held 31 May 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - DP 32, PSC 27, PRE 24, ID 18, P-NP 9, FRA 5, PCE 3, MPD 2, CFP 1; note - defections by members of National Congress are commonplace, resulting in frequent changes in the numbers of seats held by the various parties
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
71.33 years

male:
68.52 years

female:
74.28 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
90.1%

male:
92%

female:
88.2% (1995 est.)
Location Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru
Map references Africa South America
Maritime claims continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM		 continental shelf:
claims continental shelf between mainland and Galapagos Islands

territorial sea:
200 NM
Merchant marine - total:
30 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 233,312 GRT/385,784 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 2, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 1, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 22, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France -
Military branches - Army (Ejercito Ecuatoriano), Navy (Armada Ecuatoriana, includes Marines), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Ecuatoriana), National Police (Policia Nacional)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $720 million (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 3.4% (FY98)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
3,382,567 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
2,280,899 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 20 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
132,978 (2001 est.)
National holiday - Independence Day (independence of Quito), 10 August (1809)
Nationality - noun:
Ecuadorian(s)

adjective:
Ecuadorian
Natural hazards NA frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; periodic droughts
Natural resources fish petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower
Net migration rate - -0.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 800 km; petroleum products 1,358 km
Political parties and leaders - Concentration of Popular Forces or CFP [Averroes BUCARAM]; Democratic Left or ID [Rodrigo BORJA Cevallos]; Ecuadorian Conservative Party or PCE [Sixto DURAN Ballen]; Independent National Movement or MIN [leader NA]; Pachakutik-New Country or P-NP [Rafael PANDAM]; Popular Democracy or DP [Ramiro RIVERA]; Popular Democratic Movement or MPD [leader NA]; Radical Alfarista Front or FRA [Fabian ALARCON, director]; Roldosist Party or PRE [Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz, director]; Social Christian Party or PSC [Jaime NEBOT Saadi, president]
Political pressure groups and leaders - Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador or CONAIE [Antonio VARGAS]; Coordinator of Social Movements or CMS [F. Napoleon SANTOS]; Popular Front or FP [Luis VILLACIS]
Population uninhabited, except for visits by scientists (July 2003 est.) 13,183,978 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - 50% (1999 est.)
Population growth rate - 2% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, La Libertad, Manta, Puerto Bolivar, San Lorenzo
Radio broadcast stations - AM 392, FM 27, shortwave 29 (1998)
Radios - 4.15 million (1997)
Railways - total:
965 km

narrow gauge:
965 km 1.067-m gauge (2000)
Religions - Roman Catholic 95%
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.87 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal, compulsory for literate persons ages 18-65, optional for other eligible voters
Telephone system - general assessment:
NA

domestic:
facilities generally inadequate and unreliable

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 899,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 160,061 (1997)
Television broadcast stations - 15 (including one station on the Galapagos Islands) (1997)
Terrain low, flat, and sandy; likely volcanic coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente)
Total fertility rate - 3.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate - 13%; note - widespread underemployment (2000 est.)
Waterways none 1,500 km
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